Heart failure (HF) is an acute or chronic clinical syndrome that results in a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in intracardiac pressure at rest or upon exertion.The pathophysiology of HF is heterogeneous and results from an initial harmful event in the heart that promotes neurohormonal changes such as autonomic dysfunction and activation
Soluble lipase (Lipozyme CALB L) was immobilized by covalent bond to chitosan pellets prepared from Aspergillus niger mycelium.This immobilized enzyme was compared with commercial immobilized lipase Face Primer of the same origin (Novozym 435).Novozym 435 is also lipase CALB L commercially immobilized by sorption on poly-(methyl acrylate).Novozym 4
The overwhelming majority of studies examining environmental change deliver treatments abruptly, although, in fact, many important changes are gradual.One example of a gradually increasing environmental stressor is heavy metal contamination.Essential heavy metals, such as copper, play an important role within cells of living organisms but are toxic
This article examines the way in which British psychiatrists defined, categorized, and applied depression in the period between the two World Wars.To analyze the professional understanding and application of the notion, various expert literatures will be analyzed, such as textbooks, medical journals, and medical documents kept in daily practice.Thr